在英語(yǔ)翻譯考試中省略法的運(yùn)用技巧

一、從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)看

　　(一)省代詞

　　1.省略作主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞

　　(1)省略作主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞

　　I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.

　　我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少數(shù)付諸實(shí)踐了。

　　He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

　　他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。

　　(2)英語(yǔ)中，泛指人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使是作第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)譯文中往往也可以省略。

　　We live and learn.

　　活到老，學(xué)到老。

　　When will he arrive?—You can never tell.

　　他什么時(shí)候到?——說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。

　　The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.

　　人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的，而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西。

　　2.省略作賓語(yǔ)的代詞

　　The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.

　　他越是想要掩蓋他的錯(cuò)誤，就越是容易暴露。

　　Please take off the old picture and throw it away.

　　請(qǐng)把那張舊畫(huà)取下來(lái)扔掉。

　　3.省略物主代詞

　　I put my hand into my pocket.

　　我把手放進(jìn)口袋。

　　She listened to me with her rounded eyes.

　　她睜大雙眼，聽(tīng)我說(shuō)話(huà)。

　　(二)代詞it的省略

　　Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

　　外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。

　　He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.

　　他一看表，是七點(diǎn)一刻了。

　　It took me a long time to reach the hospital.

　　我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到了醫(yī)院。

　　It is the people who are really powerful.

　　人民才是最強(qiáng)大的。

　　(三)省略連接詞

　　He looked gloomy and troubled.

　　他看上去有些憂(yōu)愁不安。(省略并列連接詞)

　　As it is late, you had better go home.

　　時(shí)間不早了，你最好回家去吧。(省略表示原因的連接詞)

　　If sinter comes, can spring be far behind?

　　冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?(省略表示條件的連接詞)

　　If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.

　　早知如此，我就不參加了。(省略表示條件的連接詞)

　　John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.

　　火車(chē)停了，約翰郁郁地站了起來(lái)，因?yàn)樗肫鹆瞬≈械哪赣H。(省略表示時(shí)間的連接詞)

　　(四)省略冠詞

　　1.英語(yǔ)有冠詞，漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有冠詞;因此，英譯漢時(shí)往往可將冠詞省略。

　　A teacher should have patience in his work.

　　當(dāng)教員的應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心。(省略不定冠詞A)

　　The horse is a useful animal.

　　馬是有益的動(dòng)物。(省略定完詞The)

　　It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.

　　在過(guò)去，飛往月球是絕對(duì)辦不到的事情。(省略定完詞The)

　　The moon was slowly rising above the sea.

　　月亮慢慢從海上升起。(省略定冠詞The)

　　2.英譯漢時(shí)，省略原文中的冠詞是一般情況。但在某些場(chǎng)合，冠詞卻不能省略，可以翻譯為“一個(gè)，每一，這個(gè)，那個(gè)”等。例如：

　　He left without saying a word.

　　他一句話(huà)不說(shuō)就走了。

　　Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile.

　　埃格伯特說(shuō)，他(開(kāi)車(chē))每天一英里就賺一塊錢(qián)。

　　This is the book you wanted.

　　這就是你要的那本書(shū)。

　　(五)省略介詞

　　1.省略表示時(shí)間的前置詞

　　The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

　　一九四九年中華人民共和國(guó)成立。

　　比較：中華人民共和國(guó)成立于一九四九年。

　　(介詞譯成漢語(yǔ)在句首時(shí)可以省略，在句尾就沒(méi)有省略)

　　On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the People's Republic of China.

　　一九九七年七月，香港回歸了中華人民共和國(guó)。

　　2.省略表示地點(diǎn)的前置詞

　　Smoking is prohibited in public places.

　　公共場(chǎng)所不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

　　In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.

　　冬天，北方的天氣比南方冷得多。

　　如：

　　He stood by the desk.

　　他站在桌旁。

　　I stayed in my brother's house.

　　我住在弟弟家里。

　　(六)省略動(dòng)詞

　　When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.

　　氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。

　　Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.

　　必須在購(gòu)貨單規(guī)定的時(shí)間交貨。

　　二、從修辭角度看

　　(一)英語(yǔ)句子中有些短語(yǔ)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，或者具有相同意義的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，英譯漢時(shí)可按情況作適當(dāng)省略。

　　University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

　　報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)先錄取。

　　Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.

　　雙方均不得無(wú)故解除合同。

　　(二)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，譯文中可以省略一些可有可無(wú)的詞。

　　There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.

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